Research Article, J Hydrogeol Hydrol Eng Vol: 5 Issue: 4
Improving the Hydrogeological Conceptual Model of the Sidi Merzoug-Sbiba Aquifer System (North-West of Tunisia) Using Hydrochemistry and Isotopic Tools
Zohra Hachaichi1,3*, Najiba Chkir1,2, Kamel Zouari1,2, Anne. Laure Cognard-Plancq1,3, Vincent Marc1,3 and Yves Travi1,3 | |
1Laboratory of Radio-Analysis and Environment, National School of Engineering of Sfax, Route de Soukra, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia | |
2Laboratory of Radio-Analysis and Environment, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Geography Department, Route El Matar, BP 1168, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia | |
3Laboratory of Mediterranean Environmental Modelling and Agro- Hydrosystèmes (LHA), Faculty of Sciences of Avignon, France | |
Corresponding author : Zohra Hachaichi
Laboratory of Mediterranean Environmental Modelling and Agro-Hydrosystèmes (LHA) - Faculty of Sciences of Avignon, France Tel: 09.80.32.93.05 E-mail: zohraelhcheichi@yahoo.fr |
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Received: September 16, 2016 Accepted: October 17, 2016 Published: October 24, 2016 | |
Citation: Hachaichi Z, Chkir N, Zouari K, Plancq ALC, Marc V, et al. (2016) Improving the Hydrogeological Conceptual Model of the Sidi Merzoug-Sbiba Aquifer System (North-West of Tunisia) Using Hydrochemistry and Isotopic Tools. J Hydrogeol Hydrol Eng 5:4. doi: 10.4172/2325-9647.1000147 |
Abstract
The aim of the study is to improve the knowledge of the hydrogeological systems in the Sidi Merzoug Sbiba Basin (Northwestern Tunisia), using chemical and isotopic tools. Three major aquifers have been identified in this semi-arid region by previous hydrogeological studies: the Cretaceous, the Miocene and the Plio-Quaternary aquifers. Its hydrodynamic regime is largely influenced by tectonics, lithology and recharge conditions.
Given the heterogeneity of the multilayer aquifer system in a complex fractured zone, an hydrochemical and environmental isotope (2H, 18O,3H and14C) data were used to caracterised the groundwater flow and provide valuable information about the geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality and the circulation patterns of the different groundwater bodies. Three major processes control the chemical composition: i) dissolution of carbonate minerals, ii) cation exchange reactions and iii) evaporation process.
Stable isotopes indicate that most groundwater samples originate from infiltration of modern precipitation. A significant infiltration before evaporation takes place, indicating a major recharge directly from Cretaceous and Miocene formations of surrounding mountains and infiltration of surface water in the El Breck and Sbiba rivers. Downstream, the isotopic signature of evaporated water clearly indicates a recharge from rivers, irrigation fields or Sbiba dam. Tritium and 14C contents confirm the existence of modern groundwaters in the South-Western border and in the North -Eastern part of the basin and confirm the stratification of the system.