Research Article, J Nucl Ene Sci Power Generat Technol Vol: 11 Issue: 6

Security Enhanced CTS Image Watermarking Technique using Combined DWT-DCT

Ravi Prasad Ravuri^*

Department of Computer Engineering, Sriven Technologies, Virginia, United States

*Corresponding Author:Ravi Prasad Ravuri Department of Computer Engineering, Sriven Technologies, Virginia, United States; E-mail: meetravi3@gmail.com

Received date: 09 February, 2022, Manuscript No. JNPGT-22-48983; Editor assigned date: 11 February, 2022, PreQC No. JNPGT-22-48983 (PQ); Reviewed date: 25 February, 2022, QC No. JNPGT-22-48983; Revised date: 13 April 2022, Manuscript No. JNPGT-22-48983 (R); Published date: 04 May 2022, DOI: 10.4172/2325-9809.1000293

Citation: Ravi PR (2022) Security Enhanced CTS Image Watermarking Technique using Combined DWT-DCT. J Nucl Ene Sci Power Generat Technol 11:6.

Abstract

Keywords: Check truncation system; Digital watermarking, Discrete wavelet transform, Discrete cosine transform, Embedding process

Introduction

A digital watermark is a translucent mark incorporated in an image that can be used for a variety of applications such as feature selection and intellectual property protection [1]. With the advancement of transmission systems, data is being transferred at never-before-seen speeds. Simultaneously, fraudulently exploited digital media easily. As a result, intellectual property has become a major concern around the world. Digital watermarking is the solution for this issue. It is the mechanism of modifying an image by inserting another message; the image's quality is unavoidably impacted [2]. We want to keep image quality degradation to a minimum, so there is no discernible difference. The significant property of watermarking is the payload size. The false positive rate for watermarking systems should be kept to a minimum. The last requirement is toughness. During the lifetime of a watermarked work, it is frequently altered, either by communication over the channel.

A strong watermark should be resistant to printing and scanning in addition to adding additive Gaussian noise. Every watermarking system has appealing characteristics. The application of the watermarking system forces us to accept tradeoffs between some of these properties. The first, and perhaps most important, characteristic is efficacy. The likelihood of correctly detecting the message in a watermarked image [3]. This probability should ideally be 1. Image fidelity is also important in watermarking. The efficient watermarking technique must be unnoticeable, reliable, and ensure security. In proposes the use of the DWT-DCT and AES techniques for digital image transmission in digital image transmission [4-7]. In a framework for the automated settling of cheque was created and tested. Check creation, processing, and settlement are all included in this architecture, which may be accessed through both online and physical channels. The use of image processing techniques to automate bank check verification in banking transactions.

The watermark is used to add information to digital data without making visible changes to it. A successful watermark is imperceptible and resistant to intentional or unintentional image modification [8]. Earlier watermarking algorithms are entirely spatial. This paper has been further arranged in the following way. The brief explanation about the proposed methodology has been discussed. The simulation outcomes of this proposed methodology has been shown. Finally, the conclusion of this paper has been given.

Materials and Methods

Cheque truncation is used to expedite the clearing process. For clearing house payment, the CTS transmit electronic cheque images to the drawee branch. The system is generally regarded as secure. Intruders, on the other hand, may corrupt data, degrade image quality, or duplicate the image. The importance of copyright and security cannot be overstated. Watermarks that are imperceptible can be created using DWT-DCT digital watermarking software. The flow diagram of proposed methodology for watermark embedding mechanism has been given in (Figure 1).

DWT decomposition

Discrete wavelet samples are used in decomposition transforms. It has the ability to save both position and frequency. The input image is divided into four non-overlapping sub-bands. Again, the LL1 subband is further broken down into different non-overlapping sub bands: LL2, LH2, HL2, and HH2. Watermarking in the LLx sub-band, where picture energy is concentrated, reduces image quality. The use of watermarking in these low-frequency sub-bands could improve robustness. The image boundaries and the texture characteristics of the image are present in the higher subband HHx, which is not visible to human eye. This attribute makes it possible for the watermark to be embedded without being seen. Wavelets are used to transform an image into three different spatial directions. Watermark detection at lower resolutions is computationally efficient because there are only a few frequency bands involved at each successive resolution level.

DCT Compression

 A Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is a sum of cosine functions with discrete data points. The DCT domain has a lot of low-frequency energy. High frequencies are susceptible to assaults like as compression and scaling, while low frequencies are easily detected by the human eye. So the intermediate frequency bands were selected to avoid the most visually significant portions of the picture without being over-exposed to compression and noise. The primary benefit of DCT for watermarking is its energy compression. With this feature, you can easily insert a watermark in the image's chosen region. In tests, this method held up well against JPEG compression and considerable noise. However, the DCT on the blocks caused visual artifacts. The two dimensional DCT and IDCT can be defined as follows:

2D-DCT

For p, q=0, 1, 2,...., N-l

For r, s=0, 1, 2,...., N-l

Where,

α(p)=1/ , p=0; α (p) =1, p=1,2,..,N-1

α(q)=1/ , q=0; α (q) =1, q=1,2,..,N-1

2D-IDCT

Embedding algorithm

The embedding procedure of secret image into the cover image has been explained as follows:

• Choose a cover image.
• Decompose the chosen image into non-overlapping sub-bands using DWT.
• Again decompose the HL1 sub-band into four sub-bands.
• Select the HL2 sub-band and apply DCT on the same sub-band.
• Convert the watermark's greyscale image to a vector of ones and zeros.
• Create two distinct pseudorandom sequences. One sequence inserts watermark bit 0, the other bit l.
• The pseudorandom sequence has been embedded into DCT transformed HL2 sub-bands.

The embedding process has been performed using the below equation,

If the watermark bit is 1, then

Z'=Z+K * PN_1

If the watermark bit is 0 then

Z'=Z+K * PN_0

Here, Z’ represents the watermarked image, Z represents the cover image, K represents the Secret image and PN represents the Pseudorandom sequences.

Watermark-extraction process

The watermark extraction procedure is the reverse operation of embedding process. The extraction process has been explained as follows (Figure 2):

• Get the watermarked image.
• The IDCT has been performed on the watermarked image.
• After applying DCT to each block, the middle band frequency coefficients from each block are extracted from HL2.
• Perform the 2D-IDWT on the HL2 sub-band.
• Using the same seed utilized in embedding process, generate PN_ 0 and PN l as two pseudorandom sequences and compare their middle band frequency coefficients for each HL2 sub-division block.
• Reconstruct the watermark and compare the two watermarks.

Results and Discussion

To prevent forgeries and frauds, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to ask banks to implement additional security steps. Commercial and rural bank cheques would be the same size, according to an RBI circular distributed to all bank heads [9-12]. According to the announcement, a decision has been made to standardize cheques issued by banks across the country [13]. According to the RBI, the new attributes comprise high-quality paper, a watermark, and printing bank logos in invisible ink.

The proposed methodology was simulated using MATAB 2014 a. The following steps are used to execute the program in the MATLAB software.

Step 1: Initially run the source program file.

Step 2: Choose the cover image (cheque image).

Step 3: Choose the watermark image (logo, symbol).

Step 5: Apply 2-DWT on cover image.

Step 6: Perform the DCT on HL2 sub-band

Step 7: The cheque has been transferred to drawee of the other branch once the watermark embedding process is completed.

Step 9: After receiving the cheque image from the sender, with the help of IDCT and IDWT, the watermarked cheque image is decrypted.

Step 10: Select “Show extracted image” in the menu.

The image of the check is included into the cover. Similarly, the hidden image extracted is shown in (Figures 3-9).

The efficiency of the proposed methodology has been estimated through two different parameters which include imperceptibility and robustness [14,15]. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is a metric that determines how good a watermarked image (Figure 10 and Table 1).

Table 1: PSNR and NCC values of original image.

It is used to evaluate the quality of watermarked images. It can be defined as,

Where,

Where, I (i, j) is the host image and J (i, j) represents the watermarked image. Robustness refers to a watermark's ability to withstand various forms of digital signal processing attacks aimed at removing or degrading it. Using the Normalized correlation factor, we compared the original watermark to the watermark derived from the attacked image.

Conclusion

In this paper, the combined DCT-DWT digital watermarking technique has been explained. The DCT and DWT generate a strong and imperceptible image of the cheque. This methodology safeguards intellectual property and verifies data. This work can be extended to improve the performance and to decrease the embedding time of the proposed method. The proposed method provides better resilience, efficacy, and is unnoticeable to the watermarked image, and it obtains a high PSNR value. Additionally, it may safeguard the information even after it has been decrypted.

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