Journal of Sleep Disorders: Treatment and CareISSN: 2325-9639

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Research Article, J Sleep Disor Treat Care S Vol: 0 Issue: 1

Sleep Hypoxemia and Urinary Free Cortisol in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Suelem Izumi1*, Fernando Flexa Ribeiro-Filho2, Glaucia Carneiro1, Sonia M Togeiro3, Sergio Tufik3 and Maria Teresa Zanella1
1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
2Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, PA, Brazil
3Department of Psycobiology, Sleep Disorders Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Corresponding author : Suelem Izumi
MD, PhD, Rua Leandro Dupret 365, 04025- 011, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
Tel: 55-61-981014045
Fax: 55-11-32871959
E-mail: suelem.i.l@hotmail.com
Received: August 29, 2016 Accepted: September 22, 2016 Published: September 29, 2016
Citation: Izumi S, Ribeiro-Filho FF, Carneiro G, Togeiro SM, Tufik S, et al. (2016) Sleep Hypoxemia and Urinary Free Cortisol in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Sleep Disor: Treat Care S1. doi: 10.4172/2325-9639.S1-005

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis aiming to identify the polysomnographic data associated with cortisol abnormalities.

Methods: Forty-one men referred for suspected OSA underwent polysomnography and were classified according to the apneahypopnea index (AHI) into control group (n=16) and OSA group (n=25). The assessment of the HPA axis function included low-dose (0.25 mg) dexamethasone suppression test, the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol secretion and the measurement of urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion in a 24-hour urine collection.

Results: No differences were found between groups for age (p=0.112), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.617), waist circumference (WC) (p=0.358). UFC was higher in the OSA group compared with the control group (p=0.013). There was no correlation between the UFC and BMI. There was a negative correlation between UFC and minimum oxygen saturation (p=0.006) and positive correlations between UFC and rapid-eye-movement (REM) oxygen desaturation index (p=0.004), AHI (p=0.024) and arousal index (p=0.010). In a multivariable linear regression analysis, including, arousal index and minimum O2 saturation or REM ODI as independent variables and UFC as the dependent variable, only minimum O2 saturation or REM ODI were associated with high UFC levels.

Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that OSA is associated with increased UFC. The severity of hypoxemia is the major factor of this neuroendocrine dysregulation.
 

Keywords: Sleep disorders; Cortisol dynamics; Sleep parameters

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