Case Report, J Genet Disor Genet Rep Vol: 6 Issue: 1
Biotinidase Deficiency Presenting as Hyperventilation Syndrome
Iwanicka-Pronicka K1*, Pajdowska M2, Dariusz Rokicki3, Piekutowska-Abramczuk D4, KozÅÃ?Â?owski D2, WiÅÃ?Â?niewska-Ligier D5, Ksiazyk JB3, Krajewska-Walasek M4, Wolf B6 and Pronicka E3,4 | |
1Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland | |
2Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland | |
3Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland | |
4Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland | |
5Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland | |
6Department of Research Administration, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA | |
Corresponding author : Iwanicka-Pronicka K, MD, PhD Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730, Warsaw, Poland Tel: +48 22 815 17 61 Fax: +48 22 815 16 14 E-mail: katarzynapronicka@gmail.com |
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Received: December 12, 2016 Accepted: January 05, 2017 Published: January 05, 2017 | |
Citation: Iwanicka-Pronicka K, Pajdowska M, Rokicki D, Piekutowska-Abramczuk D, KozÅÃ?Â?owski D, et al. (2017) Biotinidase Deficiency Presenting as Hyperventilation Syndrome. J Genet Disor Genet Rep 6:1. doi: 10.4172/2327-5790.1000149 |
Abstract
Biotinidase is responsible for recycling the vitamin, biotin, and making the free biotin available to activate the biotin-dependent carboxylases, including pyruvate carboxylase, which is involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. Individuals with untreated biotinidase deficiency usually exhibit lethargy, hypotonia, ataxia, cutaneous abnormalities, vision and hearing impairment and developmental delay.
We recently observed a child who presented with hyperventilation syndrome and lactic acidemia who was thought to have a mitochondrial disorder. After six months of multiple hyperventilation episodes in the absence of the usual neurocutaneous features of biotinidase deficiency, the child was determined to be homozygous for a likely pathogenic variant of the biotinidase, BTD, gene. This case prompted us to evaluate retrospectively the presence of respiratory alkalosis and hypocapnia, indicative of hyperventilation syndrome, in other symptomatic individuals with biotinidase deficiency.
The results showed statistically significant hypocapnia at the onset of symptoms which rapidly resolved upon administration of biotin (pCO2 27.2 ±11.6 vs. 41.5 ± 3.5; normal >35 mmHg).
Selective screening for biotinidase deficiency should be considered in individuals with hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis. This is particularly important in locations where newborn screening for this disorder is not performed.