Perspective, La Prensa Medica Vol: 109 Issue: 3
Tailoring Cancer Care: The Role of Precision Oncology in Delivering Personalized Treatment Strategies
Josefo Mahapa*
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
*Corresponding Author: Josefo Mahapa
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
E-mail: josefomahapa99@nust.ac.zw
Received date: 29 May, 2023, Manuscript No. LPMA-23-107140;
Editor assigned date: 31 May, 2023, PreQC No. LPMA-23-107140 (PQ);
Reviewed date: 15 June, 2023, QC No. LPMA-23-107140;
Revised date: 22 June, 2023, Manuscript No. LPMA-23-107140 (R);
Published date: 29 June, 2023, DOI: 10.4172/0032-745X.1000174
Citation: Mahapa J (2023) Tailoring Cancer Care: The Role of Precision Oncology in Delivering Personalized Treatment Strategies. La Prensa Medica 109:3.
Abstract
Description
Precision oncology, also known as personalized or genomic medicine, has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment and management. It involves the integration of genomic information and other molecular data to tailor therapies to individual patients. This article explores the concept of precision oncology, highlighting the advancements in translating genetic findings into targeted therapies. It delves into the identification of actionable mutations, the development of targeted therapies, and the challenges and implications of implementing precision oncology in routine cancer care.
Understanding precision oncology
Traditional cancer treatment approaches have relied on standard protocols based on tumor type and stage. However, advances in genomic technologies have allowed for a deeper understanding of the genetic alterations driving cancer development. Precision oncology aims to identify specific genetic alterations in tumors that can be targeted by therapies, thereby maximizing treatment effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects.
Identification of actionable mutations
One of the fundamental aspects of precision oncology is the identification of actionable mutations. Through genomic profiling, specific genetic alterations, such as gene mutations, amplifications, or rearrangements, can be detected in tumor samples. These alterations may serve as biomarkers that guide treatment decisions. Examples of actionable mutations include Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer and BRAF mutations in melanoma. Identifying these mutations allows for the selection of targeted therapies that specifically inhibit or modulate the activity of the altered gene or pathway.
Targeted therapies and their development
Targeted therapies are designed to specifically inhibit the molecular targets identified through genetic analysis. They can be small molecules that inhibit specific proteins or monoclonal antibodies that bind to specific cell surface receptors. Targeted therapies have demonstrated remarkable success in treating certain types of cancer.
For example, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib revolutionized the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), specifically targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein. BCR-ABL fusion protein is formed by fusion of the 3 strand sequences from ABL1 (Abelson) gene at 9q34 to the 5 strand portion of the BCR (Breakpoint Cluster Region) gene sequences at 22q11. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitors, which enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells, have shown remarkable efficacy in multiple cancer types.
Challenges and implications of precision oncology
While precision oncology holds great therapeutic efficiency, several challenges need to be addressed for its widespread implementation. One major challenge is the identification of relevant biomarkers for each tumor type. Not all tumors have actionable mutations or predictive biomarkers, making it essential to continue research efforts to discover new targets. Additionally, the high cost of genomic profiling and targeted therapies poses a financial challenge for widespread adoption. Moreover, the interpretation of genomic data and the integration of this information into clinical decision-making require specialized knowledge and expertise. Despite these challenges, precision oncology has several implications for cancer care. It offers the potential for more effective treatments, as therapies can be selected based on the specific genetic characteristics of an individual's tumor. This approach can lead to improved outcomes, increased response rates, and prolonged survival. Precision oncology also has implications for early detection and prevention strategies, as genetic profiling can identify individuals at high risk of developing certain cancers, allowing for targeted screening and preventive interventions.
The future of precision oncology
The field of precision oncology is rapidly evolving. Advancements in genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, are making genomic profiling more accessible and cost-effective. Additionally, the integration of other molecular data, such as proteomics and metabolomics, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of tumor biology and further refine treatment approaches. Furthermore, the use of liquid biopsies, which detect tumor-derived genetic material in bodily fluids, holds significance for non-invasive monitoring of treatment response and early detection of resistance. Collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and industry stakeholders is essential for the continued advancement and implementation of precision oncology. Clinical trials focusing on targeted therapies, basket trials that match therapies to specific genetic alterations regardless of tumor type, and large-scale genomic profiling initiatives can further expand the knowledge and refine treatment approaches.
Conclusion
Precision oncology represents a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, where genomic information is used to guide therapeutic decisionmaking. The identification of actionable mutations and the development of targeted therapies have transformed the field, leading to improved outcomes for patients. Despite the challenges, precision oncology offers tremendous potential in tailoring treatments to individual patients, optimizing efficacy, and minimizing adverse effects.
